semipermeable membranes
反渗透膜“thin film composite membranes (TFC or TFM)”
生物膜 如磷脂双分子层 the lipid bilayer 小分子不带电荷溶质易通过
cation exchange membrane(CEM), charge mosaic membrane (CMM), bipolar membrane (BPM), anion exchange membrane (AEM) alkali anion exchange membrane (AAEM) and proton exchange membrane (PEM)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipermeable_membrane
